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Moral justification is a powerful disengagement mechanism. Destructive conduct is made personally and socially acceptable by portraying it in the service of moral ends. This is why most appeals against violent means usually fall on deaf ears.
Albert Bandura -
One cannot afford to be a realist.
Albert Bandura
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Self-doubt creates the impetus for learning but hinders adept use of previously established skills.
Albert Bandura -
Self-efficacy beliefs differ from outcome expectations, judgments of the likely consequence [that] behavior will produce.
Albert Bandura -
If self-efficacy is lacking, people tend to behave ineffectually, even though they know what to do.
Albert Bandura -
The evaluative habits developed in sibling interactions undoubtedly affect the salience and choice of comparative referents in self-ability evaluations in later life.
Albert Bandura -
There are countless studies on the negative spillover of job pressures on family life, but few on how job satisfaction enhances the quality of family life.
Albert Bandura -
Reasonably accurate appraisal of one's own capabilities is, therefore, of considerable value in successful functioning. Large misjudgments of personal efficacy in either direction have consequences. People who grossly overestimate their capabilities undertake activities that are clearly beyond their reach. As a result, they get themselves into considerable difficulties, undermine their credibility, and suffer needless failures. Some of the missteps, of course, can produce serious, irreparable harm.
Albert Bandura
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When experience contradicts firmly held judgments of self-efficacy, people may not change their beliefs about themselves if the conditions of performance are such as to lead them to discount the import of the experience.
Albert Bandura -
People's conceptions about themselves and the nature of things are developed and verified through four different processes: direct experience of the effects produced by their actions, vicarious experience of the effects produced by somebody else's actions, judgments voiced by others, and derivation of further knowledge from what they already know by using rules of inference.
Albert Bandura -
From the social cognitive perspective, it is mainly perceived inefficacy to cope with potentially aversive events that makes them fearsome. To the extent that people believe they can prevent, terminate, or lessen the severity of aversive events, they have little reason to be perturbed by them. But if they believe they are unable to manage threats safely, they have much cause for apprehension.
Albert Bandura -
People infer high self-efficacy from successes achieved through minimal effort on difficult tasks, but they infer low self-efficacy if they had to work hard under favorable conditions to master relatively easy tasks.
Albert Bandura -
People behave agentically, but they produce theories that afford people very little agency.
Albert Bandura -
Agemates provide the most informative points of reference for comparative efficacy appraisal and verification. Children are, therefore, especially sensitive to their relative standing among the peers with whom they affiliate in activities that determine prestige and popularity.
Albert Bandura
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For many activities, people cannot rely solely on themselves in evaluating their ability level because such judgments require inferences from probabilistic indicants of talent about which they may have limited knowledge. Self-appraisals are, therefore, partly based on the opinions of others who presumably possess evaluative competence.
Albert Bandura -
If there is any characteristic that is distinctly human, it is the capability for reflective self-consciousness.
Albert Bandura -
Except for events that carry great weight, it is not experience per se, but how they match expectations, that governs their emotional impact.
Albert Bandura -
People who are insecure about themselves will avoid social comparisons that are potentially threatening to their self-esteem.
Albert Bandura -
Incongruities between self-efficacy and action may stem from misperceptions of task demands, as well as from faulty self-knowledge.
Albert Bandura -
Through their capacity to manipulate symbols and to engage in reflective thought, people can generate novel ideas and innovative actions that transcend their past experiences.
Albert Bandura
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Learning would be exceedingly laborious, not to mention hazardous, if people had to rely solely on the effects of their own actions to inform them what to do. Fortunately, most human behavior is learned observationally through modeling: from observing others one forms an idea of how new behaviors are performed, and on later occasions this coded information serves as a guide for action.
Albert Bandura -
Measures of self-precept must be tailored to the domain of psychological functioning being explored.
Albert Bandura -
Such knowledge is probably gained in several ways. One process undoubtedly operates through social comparison of success and failure experiences. Children repeatedly observe their own behavior and the attainments of others.
Albert Bandura -
How children learn to use diverse sources of efficacy information in developing a stable and accurate sense of personal efficacy is a matter of considerable interest.
Albert Bandura