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Accurate processing of information about outcomes is no simple task under the variable conditions of everyday life . . . usually, many factors enter into determining what effects, if any, given actions will have, Actions, therefore, produce outcomes probabilistically rather than certainly. Depending on the particular conjunction of factors, the same course of action may produce given outcomes regularly, occasionally, or only infrequently.
Albert Bandura -
Comparative appraisals of efficacy require not only evaluation of one;s own performances but also knowledge of how others do, cognizance of nonability determinants of their performances, and some understanding that it is others, like oneself, who provide the most informative social criterion for comparison.
Albert Bandura
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Perceived self-efficacy and beliefs about the locus of outcome causality must be distinguished.
Albert Bandura -
Expected outcomes contribute to motivation independently of self-efficacy beliefs when outcomes are not completely controlled by quality of performance. This occurs when extraneous factors also affect outcomes, or outcomes are socially tied to a minimum level of performance so that some variations in quality of performance above and below the standard do not produce differential outcomes.
Albert Bandura -
Behavior, cognitive, and other personal factors, and environmental influences all operate interactively as determinants of each other.
Albert Bandura -
Very often we developed a better grasp of the subjects than the over worked teachers.
Albert Bandura -
The performances of others are often selected as standards for self-improvement of abilities.
Albert Bandura -
Coping with the demands of everyday life would be exceedingly trying if one could arrive at solutions to problems only by actually performing possible options and suffering the consequences.
Albert Bandura
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People judge their capabilities partly by comparing their performances with those of others.
Albert Bandura -
If you look at our theories of social pathology and then at the dismal conditions in which children grow up in our ghettos, you would predict that all of them would be on drugs or psychological basket cases. Yet if you use criteria like gainful employment, forming partnerships and life without crime, you will find that most of those kids make it.
Albert Bandura -
This has increased with the tremendous technological advances in communications. We have a vast new world of images brought into our sitting rooms electronically. Most of the images of reality on which we base our actions are really based on vicarious experience. This has increased with the tremendous technological advances in communications. We have a vast new world of images brought into our sitting-rooms electronically.
Albert Bandura -
People regulate their level and distribution of effort in accordance with the effects they expect their actions to have. As a result, their behavior is better predicted from their beliefs than from the actual consequences of their actions.
Albert Bandura -
People who are burdened by acute misgivings about their coping capabilities suffer much distress and expend much effort in defensive action . . . they cannot get themselves to do things they find subjectively threatening even though they are objectively safe. They may even shun easily manageable activities because they see them as leading to more threatening events over which they will be unable to exercise adequate control.
Albert Bandura -
The content of most textbooks is perishable, but the tools of self-directedness serve one well over time.
Albert Bandura
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Gaining insight into one's underlying motives, it seems, is more like a belief conversion than a self-discovery process.
Albert Bandura -
People who underestimate their capabilities also bear costs, although, as already noted, these are more likely to take self-limiting rather than aversive forms. By failing to cultivate personal potentialities and constricting their activities, such persons cut themselves off from many rewarding experiences. Should they attempt tasks having evaluative significance, they create internal obstacles to effective performance by approaching them with unnerving self-doubts.
Albert Bandura -
Accomplishment is socially judged by ill defined criteria so that one has to rely on others to find out how one is doing.
Albert Bandura -
People with high assurance in their capabilities approach difficult tasks as challenges to be mastered rather than as threats to be avoided.
Albert Bandura -
Perceived self-inefficacy predicts avoidance of academic activities whereas anxiety does not.
Albert Bandura -
Behavior must also be adequately assessed under appropriate circumstances. Ill-defined global measures of perceived self-efficacy or defective assessments of performance will yield discordances. Disparities will also arise when efficacy is judged for performances in actual situations but performance is measured in simulated situations that are easier to deal with than the actualities
Albert Bandura
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People who hold a low view of themselves [will credit] their achievements to external factors, rather than to their own capabilities.
Albert Bandura -
A theory that denies that thoughts can regulate actions does not lend itself readily to the explanation of complex human behavior.
Albert Bandura -
Ironically, it is the talented who have high aspirations, which are possible but exceedingly difficult to realize, who are especially vulnerable to self-dissatisfaction despite notable achievements.
Albert Bandura -
To the extent that children with similar characteristics achieve comparable performance levels, using the performances of similar peers is likely to yield more accurate self-appraisal than using the accomplishments of dissimilar peers.
Albert Bandura